通过例子学习Rust

23.2 函数

Explicit lifetimes are necessary when functions return references. Our case study will be returning a reference to one of the fields of a struct.

#[deriving(Show)] struct Triplet { one: int, two: int, three: int, } impl Triplet { // First attempt: No explicit lifetimes // The compiler infers that the field and the struct have the same lifetime fn mut_one(&mut self) -> &mut int { &mut self.one } // Second attempt: We explicitly annotate the lifetimes on all the // references // Error! The compiler doesn't know what is the relationship between the // lifetime `structure` and the lifetime `field` //fn mut_two<'structure, 'field>(&'structure mut self) -> &'field mut int { //&mut self.two //} // TODO ^ Try uncommenting this method // Third attempt: We think! What is the relationship between the lifetimes? // Clearly `'field` *can't* outlive `'structure`, because the field will be // destroyed when the struct gets destroyed // If the fields get destroyed along with the struct, then that means that // both the struct and its field have the same lifetime! // Ok, so we need to tell the compiler that `'structure` = `'field` // We can use a shorter name for the lifetime, it's common to use a single // letter lifetime, let's use `'s`, because it's the first letter of // structure fn mut_three<'s>(&'s mut self) -> &'s mut int { &mut self.three } } fn main() { let mut triplet = Triplet { one: 1, two: 2, three: 3 }; println!("Before: {}", triplet); *triplet.mut_one() = 0; println!("After: {}", triplet); // Use mutable reference to modify the original struct *triplet.mut_three() = 0; println!("After: {}", triplet); }